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Vitiligo is a skin condition characterized by the loss of pigment, resulting in irregular white patches on the skin. The condition occurs when melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing pigment (melanin), are destroyed or stop functioning. Vitiligo can affect people of all ages, genders, and ethnicities, though it is often more noticeable in individuals with darker skin due to the contrast of the patches. The condition can appear on any part of the body, including the face, hands, arms, and legs. Its progression is unpredictable, with some people experiencing small spots of depigmentation that remain static, while others may see rapid spread across larger areas of the skin. Vitiligo can also affect mucous membranes, such as the inside of the mouth or eyes. The exact cause of vitiligo remains unknown, and it is often considered a multifactorial disorder, meaning that a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune system factors could contribute to its development. Consulting a doctor is essential for anyone experiencing vitiligo or noticing any loss of skin pigmentation. A healthcare professional can help assess the condition, provide a proper diagnosis, and discuss potential management options. Early consultation is also important to rule out underlying health issues that may be contributing to the depigmentation.

Overview

A. Ayurvedic Perspective According to Ayurveda, vitiligo occurs due to an imbalance in the body's three doshas, primarily Pitta, which is responsible for skin color and metabolism. The following are the Ayurvedic causes: Viruddh Aahar (Incompatible Diet) Consumption of opposite food combinations like milk with fish, sour with dairy, or hot and cold foods together. Eating excessive sour, salty, and spicy foods can aggravate Pitta Dosha. Agni Mandya (Poor Digestion and Weak Metabolism) Impaired digestion leads to the accumulation of Ama (toxins), which disturbs the skin’s natural pigmentation process. Beej Dosha (Genetic Factors) Ayurveda states that Beej Dushti (genetic defects in sperm and ovum) can cause vitiligo in offspring. Mithya Vihara (Improper Lifestyle) Excessive stress, irregular sleep, and improper exposure to extreme climates (too much sun or cold) lead to dosha imbalance. Dushita Rakta (Impurities in Blood) Accumulation of toxins in the blood due to poor liver function or unclean dietary habits. Bhrajaka Pitta Imbalance Bhrajaka Pitta is responsible for skin complexion. When it gets aggravated, it leads to depigmentation. B. Modern Scientific Perspective Autoimmune Disorder The immune system mistakenly attacks melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin. Genetic Predisposition Around 20-30% of vitiligo cases are hereditary. Environmental Triggers Exposure to harsh chemicals, excessive sunburn, or toxins may trigger vitiligo. Neurogenic Factors Stress and nervous system issues can cause pigment loss. Vitamin Deficiencies Deficiency of vitamin B12, folic acid, copper, and zinc can contribute to vitiligo

Causes of Vitiligo (Shvitra) in Ayurveda and Modern Science

White Patches on Skin Painless, irregularly shaped white patches appear, commonly on hands, face, neck, and joints. Premature Graying of Hair Hair in the affected areas may turn white, including eyebrows and eyelashes. Loss of Skin Pigmentation Depigmentation may spread over time, affecting large areas. Patchy Skin Discoloration Some areas of the skin may lose pigmentation entirely, while others remain unaffected. Increased Sensitivity to Sun Affected areas become more prone to sunburn. Mucosal Involvement In some cases, the inside of the mouth, lips, and genitals may also lose pigmentation.

Symptoms of Vitiligo (Shvitra)

A. Herbal Remedies Bakuchi (Psoralea corylifolia) Known as the "magic herb for vitiligo," Bakuchi stimulates melanin production. Usage: Apply Bakuchi oil on affected areas. Neem (Azadirachta indica) Purifies blood and balances Pitta. Usage: Drink neem juice or consume Neem Churna daily. Manjistha (Rubia cordifolia) Acts as a powerful blood purifier. Usage: Take Manjistha powder with honey or warm water. Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) Boosts immunity and reduces autoimmunity effects. Usage: Drink Giloy decoction daily. Haritaki &amp; Triphala Helps in detoxification and improves digestion. Usage: Take Triphala Churna with lukewarm water. Coconut Oil Acts as a natural moisturizer and reduces inflammation. Usage: Apply pure coconut oil on patches daily. B. Dietary Modifications (Pathya Aahar) Foods to Include: Fresh vegetables and fruits (carrots, beets, pomegranates) Whole grains like barley and millets Nuts and seeds (almonds, walnuts, sesame seeds) Dairy products (buttermilk, ghee) Herbal teas (turmeric, ginger) Foods to Avoid: Sour and fermented foods (pickles, yogurt) Excessive salt and spicy foods Non-vegetarian food and seafood Alcohol, carbonated drinks, and junk food C. Lifestyle Recommendations (Dinacharya &amp; Ritucharya) Yoga &amp; Pranayama Surya Namaskar, Bhujangasana, and Kapalbhati help balance the immune system. Stress Management Meditation, Brahmi and Ashwagandha help in reducing stress-related vitiligo. Sun Exposure (Heliotherapy) Exposing the affected areas to the early morning sun for 10-15 minutes daily. Avoid Chemical-based Cosmetics Use natural skin products like Aloe Vera and Sandalwood instead.