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A very common tip to improve heart health is to exercise regularly. But what form of exercise is best for the heart and how much exercise is too much? There have been several myths about the impact of exercise on the heart, while some sound reasonable, there are many that are inaccurate. One such myth is that one should avoid exercising after a heart attack. Avoiding exercise for the first few weeks after a heart attack may be advised. However, studies show that supervised exercise helps in improving the outcome for all patients. It is important to note that after a heart attack, one should begin a regular activity program to reduce the chance of additional heart problems. Most patients are provided with a prescription for cardiac rehabilitation which entails an exercise program, diet instruction, educational classes on lifestyle changes and emotional support through a peer support group. While everyone recovers at a different pace, here are a few guidelines that one may follow to get started: Consult your doctor before starting exercise. Based on your heart disease, condition, heart function (ejection fraction), rhythm etc. Your doctor will give you an exercise prescription. It is best to start slow. Once, you get used to walking regularly, you can increase your pace gradually over time. If shortness of breath is felt, it is best to slow down the walking pace. Exercise should always be done in 3 phases warm-up, peak exercise and cool down, please. What helps is walking at a moderate pace for the first 10 minutes the first time and each day tries to a few minutes more. At the end of the month aim to walk for 30 minutes on most days of the week. It is important to keep in mind that one should cool down after finishing the exercise by gradually walking at a slower pace for the last 3 minutes. If the patient walks outside the house, as a precaution they should walk with someone or in short distances close to home so they do not get too far away. One should drink a glass of water to prevent dehydration before you start walking. Choose an exercise or an activity that you enjoy doing. For example, walking, cycling, aerobics, etc. Doctors' advice should be taken before lifting heavyweights. Exercise should be done regularly to ensure benefits. 6 days a week of exercise is advisable. Exercising at the same time daily is important to establish a habit. It also minimizes any variable that may impact the exercise. If any symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest discomfort, palpitation occur and does not go away, one should stop the exercise and notify the doctor. There are several changes that take place after a heart attack like energy levels and medications. This affects exercise tolerance. Therefore it is important to keep the exercise expectation day to day as one goes through the healing process. If a patient does not go through cardiac rehabilitation, they should begin with gentle exercise after a heart attack. The amount of exercise that is advised to each patient will depend on how active the patient was before the cardiac event and how severe the event was. Overall, one must keep in mind that they should start exercising as soon as they can after a heart attack to get the energy and strength back. Read More► Noise Pollution Increases Risk of Dementia

डॉक्टरों और स्वास्थ्य विशेषज्ञों ने कहा है कि सेप्सिस से 2050 तक कैंसर और दिल के दौरे से ज्यादा लोगों की मौत होने की आशंका है। विश्व स्वास्थ्य संगठन के अनुसार, सेप्सिस संक्रमण के लिए एक सिंड्रोमिक प्रतिक्रिया है और अक्सर दुनिया भर में कई संक्रामक रोगों से मृत्यु का एक अंतिम सामान्य रास्ता है। लैंसेट जर्नल में प्रकाशित एक अध्ययन से पता चला है कि 2017 में दुनिया भर में 4.89 करोड़ मामले और 1.1 करोड़ सेप्सिस से संबंधित मौतें हुईं, जो सभी वैश्विक मौतों का लगभग 20 प्रतिशत है। अध्ययन से यह भी पता चला कि अफगानिस्तान को छोड़कर अन्य दक्षिण एशियाई देशों की तुलना में भारत में सेप्सिस से मृत्यु दर अधिक है। गुरुग्राम के इंस्टीट्यूट ऑफ क्रिटिकल केयर एंड एनेस्थिसियोलॉजी, मेदांता - द मेडिसिटी के चेयरमैन, यतिन मेहता ने कहा, "सेप्सिस 2050 तक कैंसर या दिल के दौरे की तुलना में अधिक लोगों की जान ले लेगा। यह सबसे बड़ा हत्यारा होने जा रहा है। भारत जैसे विकासशील देशों में, एंटीबायोटिक दवाओं के अत्यधिक उपयोग के कारण शायद उच्च मृत्यु दर का कारण बन रहा है।" ऐसा इसलिए है क्योंकि डेंगू, मलेरिया, यूटीआई या यहां तक कि दस्त जैसी कई सामान्य बीमारियों के कारण सेप्सिस हो सकता है। मेहता स्वास्थ्य जागरूकता संस्थान - इंटीग्रेटेड हेल्थ एंड वेलबीइंग काउंसिल द्वारा हाल ही में आयोजित सेप्सिस समिट इंडिया 2021 में बोल रहे थे। एंटीबायोटिक दवाओं के उपयोग के अलावा, विशेषज्ञों ने जागरूकता की कमी और शीघ्र निदान पर भी ध्यान दिया। उन्होंने जमीनी स्तर पर सेप्सिस के बारे में जागरूकता और शिक्षा बढ़ाने का आह्वान किया। मेहता ने कहा, "चिकित्सा में प्रगति के बावजूद, तृतीयक देखभाल अस्पतालों में 50-60 प्रतिशत रोगियों को सेप्सिस और सेप्टिक शॉक होता है। जागरूकता और शीघ्र निदान की आवश्यकता है। साथ ही अनावश्यक एंटीबायोटिक चिकित्सा से बचा जाना चाहिए।" भारत सरकार के पूर्व केंद्रीय स्वास्थ्य सचिव लव वर्मा ने कहा, "सेप्सिस को वह मान्यता नहीं दी गई है जिसके वह हकदार हैं और यह नीति के ²ष्टिकोण से बहुत पीछे है। हमें मानक संचालन प्रक्रियाओं की आवश्यकता है और हमें भारतीय चिकित्सा अनुसंधान परिषद, सतत चिकित्सा शिक्षा (सीएमई) द्वारा शोधों में सेप्सिस के मामलों को चिह्न्ति करने की आवश्यकता है और इसे नीति निमार्ताओं द्वारा प्राथमिकता पर लिया जाना चाहिए।" जबकि यह नवजात शिशुओं और गर्भवती महिलाओं में मृत्यु का एक प्रमुख कारण है। सेप्सिस वृद्ध वयस्कों, आईसीयू में रोगियों और एचआईवी / एड्स, लिवर सिरोसिस, कैंसर, गुर्दे की बीमारी और ऑटोइम्यून बीमारियों से पीड़ित लोगों को भी प्रभावित करता है। विशेषज्ञों ने कहा कि इसने चल रहे कोविड -19 महामारी के दौरान रोग इम्यून के कारण होने वाली अधिकांश मौतों में भी प्रमुख भूमिका निभाई। क्लाउडनाइन ग्रुप ऑफ हॉस्पिटल्स के संस्थापक और अध्यक्ष, किशोर कुमार ने कहा, "जब तक हम जनता को शिक्षित और जागरूक नहीं करेंगे, तब तक सेप्सिस एक पहेली बना रहेगा। हाल ही में, पीडियाट्रिक एसोसिएशन ऑफ इंडिया ने एएए - 'एंटीबायोटिक दुरुपयोग से बचें' नामक एक नारा अपनाया है, क्योंकि भारत में एंटीबायोटिक्स बहुत अधिक निर्धारित हैं। लगभग 54 प्रतिशत भारत में नवजात शिशु सेप्सिस से मरते हैं, जो अफ्रीका से भी बदतर है। हमें तीन-आयामी ²ष्टिकोण की आवश्यकता है - प्राथमिक रोकथाम, माध्यमिक रोकथाम और शिक्षा और जागरूकता है।" यह भी पढ़े► अल्जाइमर रोग के कारणों का शोधकर्ताओं ने पता लगाया

New York, July 24 (IANS) A team of US researchers has created an "atlas" that charts how 152 different antibodies attack a major piece of the SARS-CoV-2 machinery, the spike protein, as it has evolved since 2020.The study, published in the journal Cell, highlights antibodies that are able to neutralise the newer strains, while identifying regions of the spike protein that have become more resistant to attack."Emerging data show that vaccines still confer some protection from new SARS-CoV-2 variants, and our study shows how that works from an antibody standpoint," said Duane Wesemann, of the Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and Division of Genetics at Brigham and Women's Hospital."These data can help us think about what the best kind of booster vaccine might be by studying how the repertoire of human antibodies recognises the spike protein," Wesemann added.The researchers examined the antibody-producing Memory B cells of 19 patients who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 in March of 2020, before the emergence of new variants.They studied how these antibodies, as well as other antibodies that have been characterised by researchers, bind to spike protein models of the B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1351 (Beta) and P.1 (Gamma) variants of SARS-CoV-2, which were first identified in the UK, South Africa, and Brazil, respectively.An analysis of the Delta variant is currently underway.Overall, the hundreds of antibodies they studied largely bind to seven major "footprints" on the spike protein. While many of these antibodies "compete" to bind to the same regions of the early version of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, when it comes to newer strains, some of these antibodies lose their potency while others emerge as broadly responsive neutralisers, the researchers said.In particular, antibodies binding to two of these spike protein regions, dubbed RBD-2 and NTD-1, were the most potent neutralisers of initial forms of the spike protein.The B.1.351 spike variant proved to exhibit the greatest ability to evade existing antibody arsenals, escaping many RBD-2- and NTD-1-binding antibodies. Some antibodies binding another region, called S2-1, could recognise spike proteins from more distantly related viruses such as MERS, SARS, and common cold coronaviruses, the team explained."Now that we can identify the antibodies that are more broadly reactive to all of the variants, we can think about how to elicit them more strongly in a vaccine," Wesemann said.--IANSrvt/ksk/

New York, Supplementing testosterone significantly reduces heart attacks and strokes in men with unnaturally low levels of the hormone, a new study suggests. The study, presented at the European Association of Urology Congress, indicated that the health of the men on testosterone therapy also improved by other measures. They lost weight, had more lean muscle mass, their cholesterol level and liver function improved, their diabetes was better controlled and their blood pressure dropped. "While men need testosterone for certain psychological and biological functions, only those with low levels who display other symptoms are likely to benefit from testosterone therapy. "For those at high risk of heart attack and stroke, who are deficient in testosterone, it's likely that bringing the hormone back to normal levels helps them to maximise the benefits of other steps necessary to improve their overall health," the study said. For the study, the team included over 800 men with testosterone deficiency, whose family history, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, diabetes or weight put them at high risk of heart attack or stroke. Only men with testosterone levels below normal, who also displayed symptoms of low testosterone, such as low mood, decreased appetite, depression, erectile dysfunction, loss of libido or weight gain, were included in the research. Just over half of the men opted for long-term testosterone replacement therapy, enabling the researchers to compare this group to those whose condition was left untreated. All the men were encouraged to make lifestyle changes, in terms of diet, alcohol, smoking and exercise, to improve their cardiovascular health. Of 412 men on testosterone therapy, 16 died and none suffered a heart attack or stroke, the study said. Of the 393 men who chose not to take testosterone supplements, 74 died, 70 had a heart attack and 59 suffered a stroke.(IANS)