Migraine is a debilitating neurological disease, ranking consistently among the top 10 leading causes of years lived with disability, worldwide. The main symptom of migraine is an enduring headache, along with symptoms such as severe pain on one side of the head or throbbing pain, sensitivity to light and sound, and nausea. Despite being a very common headache disorder that affects roughly 15 percent of the adult population worldwide, it remains inadequately understood and most neglected.
In Delhi, approximately 25 per cent of the population suffers from migraines, every year.
While migraine is an invisible condition, it can severely impact individuals across personal, professional and social domains, thus affecting the overall quality of life and productivity. Work-from-home, or the 'new normal,' has drastically impacted the lives of people suffering from migraines from an inability to concentrate at work to missed workdays. It has become even more urgent to ensure that individuals have the understanding and tools to effectively manage migraines.
There is a lack of understanding amongst people about the severity of migraines. In a study we recently conducted, about 50 to 60 per cent of migraineurs were undiagnosed, despite recurrent headaches. Because migraine falls on a spectrum, ranging from infrequent or mild attacks to recurrent ones, many pass it off as merely a headache'. With busy work-from-home schedules, paired with fear of contracting COVID-19 infection and difficulty in accessing in-person care, people are avoiding seeking medical help for the condition, instead attributing symptoms to associated comorbidities, such as stress or depression."
He continued, "Financial worries due to job loss or salary cuts also contribute to aggravated migraine attacks, which is more noticeable recently. The effects of migraine on one's quality of life also reportedly worsened, particularly for many migraineurs working as essential healthcare workers at this time.
Symptom neglect and failure to treat the condition can lead to migraines becoming chronic. A fundamental need is to recognize migraine as a serious condition with severe disability and adopt a holistic treatment approach. Early detection can be a key enabler of a smoother patient journey and an improved quality of life."
Here are 5 ways to manage your migraine while working from home:
Identify Risk Factors and Monitor Triggers
Migraines can begin at any age but tend to peak during one's prime productive years. Moreover, women are three times more likely to be affected than men, with prevalence peaking between the ages of 25 and 55 years.
Long hours of working from home, along with longer screen times, disrupted sleep schedules and irregular eating habits can increase stress levels. For migraineurs, such changes can become migraine triggers, exacerbating their condition. Identifying personal triggers can help individuals manage their migraines better.
Make The Right Choice for Diet and Lifestyle
Working from home can be hard, but a daily routine that optimizes your physical and mental health can help keep your migraine at bay. Eating healthy meals at appropriate times or consuming small, frequent meals throughout the day are associated with less frequent migraine headaches. Taking breaks from work at regular intervals can help you eat right and reduce eye strain owing to excessive screen use. Making modifications to your lifestyle, including smoking cessation and reduced alcohol consumption, and maintaining optimal sleeping habits and exercising regularly can be key to manage migraines. These also benefit migraine prevention and treatment.
Talk to An Expert
It is important to consult a medical specialist when you are experiencing severe headaches that disrupt your daily routine. A lot of migraineurs hesitate to seek medical help. This could be due to several reasons lack of understanding of migraine severity, lack of time due to hectic work-from-home schedules, or recently, due to a reduction in-person clinic consultations owing to the fear of Covid-19 infection. However, consulting a neurologist, even via teleconsultations, is a necessary step to diagnose your condition and understand the available options for acute and chronic management of migraine, including preventive treatment. With evidence-based information on effects across migraine intensity reduction, quality of life and ease of use, neurologists can guide you on the most suitable treatment option to prevent or reduce your migraine episodes.
Track Your Migraines
It is a good idea to maintain a diary (or download a migraine tracker app), to record the time and severity of your migraine attacks, symptoms, daily diet, exercise routines, and medications and side effects. This can help identify triggers and patterns. It can also prompt meaningful conversations with your doctor, contributing to a more holistic treatment plan, personalized to suit your work schedule.
Seek Support From Your Family, Friends or Colleagues
Living with migraines can make one feel helpless, distressed and misunderstood. But talking to your friends and family will help them understand your condition better. Having an open conversation about your migraine with your employer is a good idea, particularly to work out a schedule, with specific routine adjustments to mitigate triggers. This can help you be productive and healthy while working from home. Employers can also take the initiative -- arranging wellness programs for employees to raise awareness about migraines and how to effectively manage them at work and enhance productivity.
Migraine attacks can be challenging. Changes to your daily routine and active communication about your condition with your employer, after consulting a neurologist, can help you better manage migraines as you work from home.
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Hyderabad- Granules India Ltd on Wednesday announced that the US Food & Drug Administration (US FDA) has approved its Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) for acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine tablets, indicated for the treatment of migraine.
It is bioequivalent to the Reference Listed Drug (RLD) product, Excedrin Migraine tablets, 250 mg/250 mg/65 mg, of GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare.
The product would be manufactured at Granules India's Hyderabad facility and is expected to be launched shortly.
"We are pleased to announce approval of Acetaminophen, Aspirin and Caffeine tablets, emphasising our focus on building a sustainable OTC product portfolio in the US market. We received approval for this triple combination product within 14 months from filing. With this, we have received three ANDA approvals over the past month." said Priyanka Chigurupati, Executive Director, Granules Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Granules now has a total of 38 ANDA approvals from US FDA (37 Final approvals and 1 tentative approval). Excedrin is a trademark of GSK Consumer Healthcare S.A. (IANS)
माइग्रेन दुनिया में सबसे सामान्य न्यूरोलॉजिकल बीमारियों में से एक है। कोरोना महामारी और लॉकडाउन के दौरान, माइग्रेन के रोगियों को स्वास्थ्य सेवायें प्राप्त करने में भारी समस्या का सामना करना पडा। ऐसे समय में इसकी रोकथाम के लिये लोगों ने विभिन्न घरेलू आयुर्वेदिक उपाय अपनाये।
आयुर्वेद में माइग्रेन - Migraine in Ayurveda
आयुर्वेद में माइग्रेन को अर्धावभेदक के रूप में वर्णित किया गया है। इसमें माइग्रेन के इलाज के लिए विभिन्न प्रक्रियाओं को समझाया गया। आयुर्वेद में माइग्रेन के उपचार के लिए योग, स्वस्थ जीवन शैली और हर्बल उपचार का उपयोग भी बताया गया। तो आइये समझते हैं माइग्रेन क्या है, यह किन कारणों से होता है और इसके लिये क्या आयुर्वेदिक उपाय अपनाये जा सकते हैं।
विषय - सूची
माइग्रेन क्या है
माइग्रेन के लक्षण
माइग्रेन के कारण
निदान
माइग्रेन के सामान्य उपाय
क्या खाएं और किससे बचें
अकसर पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्न (एफएक्यू)
माइग्रेन क्या है - Migraine defination in Hindi
आयुर्वेद में 11 प्रकार के शिरो रोगों का वर्णन किया गया है, अर्धावभेदक भी इनमें से एक है। इस रोग में कपाल के आधे हिस्से में भेदने जैसा अत्यंत कष्टदायी दर्द महसूस होता है। ज़रूरी नहीं है कि इस दर्द की एक नियमित अवधि हो। कभी-कभी यह 10 दिनों या एक पखवाड़े के नियमित अंतराल पर भी आता है।
माइग्रेन त्रिदोष के असन्तुलन के कारण होता है, जो मुख्यतः वात-पित्त दोष के असंतुलन या आम (विषाक्त पदार्थों) के संचय के कारण होता है। यह तंत्रिका तंत्र की कार्यप्रणाली, स्मृति, एकाग्रता और फोकस को नकारात्मक रूप से प्रभावित करता है। इसके अलावा इससे आंखों का स्वास्थ्य खराब, अनियमित नींद चक्र या अनिद्रा एवम व्यक्ति की उत्पादकता कम होती है।
माइग्रेन के लक्षण - Migraine Symptoms in Hindi
माइग्रेन का सबसे मुख्य लक्षण है, "अर्धशीर्ष वेदना", जिसका अर्थ है सिर के आधे क्षेत्र में दर्द।
इसके अलावा ग्रीवा क्षेत्र(गर्दन), भौंहें, कान, आंख और ललाट में तीव्र वेदना होती है। इस विकार से पीड़ित लोगों को चक्कर आना और आँखों के लाल होना के साथ दर्द का अनुभव होता है।
माइग्रेन बचपन, किशोरावस्था या शुरुआती वयस्कता में शुरू हो सकता है। इसमें चार चरण हो सकते है: प्रॉडोम, ऑरा, अटैक और पोस्ट-ड्रोम।
प्राथमिक अथवा प्रारम्भिक लक्षण: माइग्रेन के लक्षण जो सिरदर्द शुरू होने के एक या दो दिन पहले शुरू होते हैं, उन्हें प्रोड्रोम स्टेज कहते हैं।
डिप्रेशन
भोजन की अधिक इच्छा
थकान
उबासी लेना
अधिक सक्रियता
चिड़चिड़ापन
गर्दन में अकड़न
ऑरा: ऑरा के साथ माइग्रेन, प्रॉडोम स्टेज के बाद होता है। ऑरा के दौरान रोगी को दृष्टि, चलने-फिरने और बोलने में समस्या हो सकती है।
बोलने में कठिनाई
चेहरे, हाथ या पैर में सनसनाहट
प्रकाश में चमक या चमकीले धब्बों का दिखना
अस्थायी रूप से दिखना बंद होना
शोर सुनना
दौरे आना
अटैक: माइग्रेन के अटैक के कारण इस चरण में सबसे गंभीर दर्द होता है।
प्रकाश और ध्वनि की संवेदनशीलता बढ़ना
जी मिचलाना
बेहोश होने जैसा महसूस करना
सिर के एक तरफ दर्द, या तो बाएं, दाएं, आगे या पीछे
उल्टी
पोस्टड्रोम: इस स्टेज के दौरान, रोगी के मनोभाव और भावनाएँ बदल सकती हैं, जैसे कि बहुत खुशी, बहुत थकान और उदासीनता महसूस करना।
माइग्रेन के कारण Migraine Causes in Hindi
आयुर्वेद में दर्द को वात दोष का लक्षण बताया गया है और जब यह मस्तिष्क के तंत्रिका तंत्र में संचित होता है तो यह माइग्रेन का कारण बनता है। बाहरी उत्तेजना जैसे अत्यधिक शोर, प्रकाश और तनाव सभी माइग्रेन दर्द को बढ़ाने में योगदान देते हैं। कमजोर पाचन भी एक कारक है जो शरीर में आम को बढ़ाता है और शरीर और मस्तिष्क में रक्त के उचित परिसंचरण को रोकता है।
यह कहा जाता है कि माइग्रेन मस्तिष्क में असामान्य गतिविधि के परिणामस्वरूप होते हैं। यह नसों के संचार के साथ-साथ मस्तिष्क में रसायनों और रक्त वाहिकाओं को भी प्रभावित कर सकता है। आनुवंशिक कारण भी किसी को अधिक संवेदनशील बना सकते हैं जो माइग्रेन का कारण बन सकती है। हालांकि निम्नलिखित ट्रिगर्स माइग्रेन बढाने की संभावना रखते हैं:
हार्मोनल बदलाव:महिलाओं को मासिक धर्म के दौरान बदलते हार्मोन के स्तर के कारण माइग्रेन के लक्षणों का अनुभव हो सकता है ।
भावनात्मक ट्रिगर: तनाव, अवसाद, चिंता, उत्तेजना आदि भी माइग्रेन को ट्रिगर कर सकते हैं।
शारीरिक कारण: थकान और अपर्याप्त नींद, कंधे या गर्दन में तनाव, खराब मुद्रा और अत्यधिक शारीरिक गतिविधि सभी को माइग्रेन से जोड़ा गया है। निम्न रक्त शर्करा और जेट लैग भी ट्रिगर के रूप में कार्य कर सकते हैं।
आहार में ट्रिगर: शराब और कैफीन भी माइग्रेन को ट्रिगर कर सकते हैं। कुछ विशिष्ट खाद्य पदार्थों से भी यह हो सकता है, जिसमें चॉकलेट, पनीर, खट्टे फल, और एडिटिव टाइरामाइन वाले खाद्य पदार्थ शामिल हैं। अनियमित भोजन और निर्जलीकरण को संभावित ट्रिगर बताया गया है।
दवाएं: कुछ नींद की गोलियाँ, हार्मोन रिप्लेसमेंट थेरेपी (एचआरटी) दवाएं, और संयुक्त गर्भनिरोधक गोली सभी संभावित ट्रिगर्स हैं।
पर्यावरण: तेज़ी से बदलती स्क्रीन, तेज़ गंध, धुआं, और शोर से माइग्रेन बढता है। तापमान में परिवर्तन और तेज़ रोशनी भी माइग्रेन बढाते हैं।
माइग्रेन के निदान - Migraine Treatment
माइग्रेन के निदान के लिए कई मापदंड और परीक्षण हैं। माइग्रेन का निदान आम तौर पर विभिन्न माइग्रेन के लक्षणों के आधार पर किया जा सकता है जैसे वे कितने समय तक होते हैं और कितने समय तक चलते हैं। यह निर्धारित करने में मदद करेगा कि आपके लक्षणों के अन्य कारणों का पता लगाने के लिए कौन से परीक्षण आवश्यक हैं। इसके लिये कुछ परीक्षण किए जा सकते हैं उनमें एमआरआई, सीटी / कैट स्कैन, कंप्यूटेड टोमोग्राफी, रक्त और मूत्र विश्लेषण, साइनस एक्स-रे, ईईजी, नेत्र परीक्षा आदि शामिल हैं।
माइग्रेन के सामान्य उपाय - Migraine Home Remedies
स्वस्थ जीवन शैली का पालन करके माइग्रेन और अन्य प्रकार के सिरदर्द को रोका जा सकता है। नियमित रूप से नींद लेना, दिनचर्या और नियमित काम करने की आदतें, माइग्रेन ट्रिगर करने वाले कारणों से बचना माइग्रेन की आवृत्ति और गंभीरता को कम कर सकता है। स्वस्थ जीवनशैली के लिये निम्न उपाय अपनाये:
सुबह की दिनचर्या: नियमित मल त्याग करना, दांतों को ब्रश करना / फ्लॉस करना, मसूड़ों की मालिश करना, नाक के मार्ग की सफाई, त्वचा पर दैनिक तेल की मालिश करना, तेल से कानों की मालिश करना, ध्यान का अभ्यास करना।
उचित नींद लेना: उचित नींद पैटर्न का अर्थ है कि व्यक्ति को प्रकृति के अनुसार बिस्तर पर जाना चाहिए और उठना चाहिए। वात प्रकृति के लोगों को सूर्य के साथ जागना चाहिए, पित्तज प्रकृति को सूर्य से आधा घंटा पहले और कफज प्रकृति के लोगो को सूर्य से एक घंटे पहले उठना चाहिए। सभी को 10:00 बजे तक सो जाना चाहिये।
स्वस्थ खाने के दिशानिर्देशों का पालन करें: स्वस्थ भोजन के लिए सामान्य दिशानिर्देशों में उचित भोजन करना, बिना किसी व्याकुलता के भोजन करना, पूरे मन के साथ भोजन करना, भोजन को सही से चबाना शामिल है। सुनिश्चित करें कि भोजन गर्म हो। भोजन के साथ केवल थोड़ी मात्रा में तरल पदार्थ पीएं और कोल्ड ड्रिंक से बचें। भोजन के बाद आराम करने के लिए हमेशा कुछ समय लें और भोजन को पाचन के लिए 3-5 घंटे का समय दें।
स्ट्रेस (तनाव) प्रबंधन: किसी को भी ऐसे कारकों से बचना चाहिए जो तनाव को उत्पन्न करते हैं और दोष को असंतुलित करते हैं। तनाव उत्प्रेरण कारकों में शामिल हो सकते हैं:
शारीरिक तनाव जैसे अधिक व्यायाम, उपवास, थकावट, अनुचित शारीरिक मुद्राएँ, चोट / आघात।
मनोवैज्ञानिक तनाव जैसे क्रोध, चिंता / घबराहट, उत्तेजना, भ्रम, दुःख, भय।
लंबे समय तक सूरज या गर्मी के संपर्क में आने जैसे पर्यावरणीय तनाव।
तनाव से बचाव सबसे अच्छा तरीका है। कुछ रसायन जड़ी-बूटियाँ शारीरिक / मानसिक शक्ति और प्रतिरक्षा को बेहतर बनाती हैं। कई रसायन जड़ी बूटियों में एंटीऑक्सिडेंट, इम्युनोमोड्यूलेटर, हेपेटोप्रोटेक्टिव, एंटीडिप्रेसेंट प्रभाव दिखाई देते हैं। इस तरह की जड़ी-बूटियों के कुछ उदाहरण शतावरी, ब्राह्मी, शंख पुष्पी, आंवला, अश्वगंधा हैं।
नियमित व्यायाम: माइग्रेन के दर्द की तीव्रता को कम करने के लिए नियमित दैनिक व्यायाम प्रभावशाली साबित हुआ है। हालांकि, व्यायाम की तीव्रता, आवृत्ति, अवधि और प्रकार के साथ-साथ वार्म अप समय महत्वपूर्ण कारक हैं जिनकी निगरानी करने की आवश्यकता होती है और यह सिरदर्द को कम करते हैं। माइग्रेन के लिए आइसोमेट्रिक व्यायाम बहुत फायदेमंद है।
सिरदर्द के लिए योग: चूंकि माइग्रेन और तनाव दोनों में सिरदर्द पैदा करने के लिए तनाव एक महत्वपूर्ण कारक है, इसलिए योग संदेह के बिना इस प्रकार के सिरदर्द को रोकने में मदद कर सकता है। योग गर्दन, पीठ और सिर की मांसपेशियों में तनाव को भी कम करता है। योग मन को शांत करने में मदद करता है। इसमें विपरीतकरणी, अर्ध हलासन, जानू शीर्शासन, पश्चिमोत्तानासन, मत्स्य क्रीड़ासन व अन्य योग आसन माइग्रेन और तनाव से बचाव में सहायक होते हैं। इसके बाद दोनों हाथों की हथेलियों को आपस में रगड़ना चाहिये जब तक कि वे गर्म महसूस न करें और धीरे-धीरे दोनों आँखों पर रखना चाहिये।
ध्यान: तनाव और माइग्रेन दोनों सिरदर्द में तनाव का बहुत बड़ा योगदान है। ध्यान तनाव को कम कर सकता है।
प्राणायाम (साँस लेने के व्यायाम): विभिन्न प्रकार के प्राणायाम का शरीर, मन और आत्मा पर अलग-अलग प्रभाव पड़ता है। अनुलोम-विलोम, शीतली प्राणायाम एवम कपाल-भाति अत्यंत फायदेमंद हैं।
क्या खाएं और किससे बचें- Diet for Migraine in Hindi
माइग्रेन के सिरदर्द के लिए विशिष्ट उपचार विकल्पों के अलावा खान-पान पर भी विशेष ध्यान देने की आवश्यकता है। इसके लिए निम्न बातों का ध्यान रख सकते हैं।
घर में बना ताज़ा गर्म भोजन ही करे।
भोजन हल्के तेल या घी में पकाया हुआ होना चाहिये।
अपने भोजन में ओमेगा-3 फैटी एसिड वाले खाद्य पदार्थ जैसे- सालमन मछली, अलसी के बीज, ओलिव तेल, अखरोट शामिल करे।
नियमित रूप से पानी पीते रहे। डिहाइड्रेशन भी माइग्रेन को बढाने में सहायक है।
नियमित रूप से भोजन लेते रहे, ज़्यादा समय तक भोजन न लेना भी सरदर्द को बढाता है।
दूध में एक चम्मच घी डाल कर रात को सोने से पहले ले सकते हैं।
आंवला, नीम, हल्दी आदि माइग्रेन को कम करने में सहायक है, अतः इन्हे लेते रहे।
अदरक की चाय भी माइग्रेन को कम करती है।
नारंगी, पीली और हरी सब्जियां, जैसे कि शकरकंद, गाजर और पालक, ब्राउन राइस, सूखे या पके हुए फल, जैसे चेरी और क्रैनबेरी ये माइग्रेन में खायी जा सकती हैं।
माइग्रेन को ट्रिगर करने वाले खाद्य पदार्थ हर व्यक्ति में अलग हो सकते हैं और इन खाद्य पदार्थों को खोजने से माइग्रेन को कम करने में मदद मिल सकती है।
कुछ सामान्य ट्रिगर खाद्य पदार्थों में डेयरी उत्पाद (गाय का दूध, बकरी का दूध, पनीर, दही आदि), चॉकलेट, अंडे, मांस, खट्टे फल, गेहूं, नट, टमाटर, प्याज, मक्का, सेब, केला, मादक पेय शामिल हैं (विशेष रूप से रेड वाइन), कैफीन युक्त पेय, बीटा - फेनिलथाइलामाइन (जैसे चॉकलेट), मोनोसोडियम ग्लूटामेट (एमएसजी), एस्पार्टेम स्वीटनर्स, नाइट्राइट्स, टाइरामाइन युक्त खाद्य पदार्थ।
माइग्रेन को लेकर अकसर पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्न (एफएक्यू)- FAQs
1)अपने चिकित्सक को कब दिखाना ज़रूरी होता है?
जब आपको हर महीने 15 दिनों से अधिक समय तक सिरदर्द रहता है, या माइग्रेन आपके जीवन को प्रभावित करने लगे तो डॉक्टर को अवश्य दिखाना चाहिए।
2)क्या माइग्रेन किसी गंभीर बीमारी की ओर संकेत करता है?
सिरदर्द शायद ही कभी गंभीर स्थिति की ओर संकेत करे परंतु निम्न लक्षण एक गंभीर स्थिति का संकेत हो सकते हैं:
अनियंत्रित उल्टी
दौरे पडना
स्तब्ध हो जाना
दुर्बलता
बोलने में परेशानी
गर्दन में अकड़न
धुंधला या दोहरा दिखाई देना
चेतना नाश
3)माइग्रेन से पहले दृष्टि और सुनने में क्यों बदलाव आते हैं?
इन परिवर्तनों को माइग्रेन का एक फेज़ कहा जाता है। ये लक्षण जो कुछ लोग माइग्रेन से ठीक पहले अनुभव करते हैं। इसमें वे ज़िगज़ैग पैटर्न देख सकते हैं, अजीब शोर सुन सकते हैं, या अपने शरीर में झुनझुनी जैसी असामान्य उत्तेजना महसूस कर सकते हैं।
One of the chief complaint experience almost in every human being due to various reasons. If any painful sensation occurs in any part of the head, ranging from sharp to dull, that may occur with any other symptoms, then it is generally categorized as headache.
Common types of headaches include
Tension Headache
Migraine Headache
Cluster Headache
Chronic daily Headache
Sinus Headache
Post-traumatic Headache
Hormone Headache
New Daily Persistent Headaches
Rebound Headaches
Headache: Symptoms
Stiff neck/ rash/ worst headaches
Vomiting/ confusion/ slurred speech
High fever
Irritation
Flashing lights/ shimmering lights/ zigzag lines
Common cold
Exertion
Hypertension
Intense pain, etc.
When To See Your Doctor For Headache Disease?
When headache continue for weeks and more no. Of days and affects your daily activities with the above mentioned signs and symptoms, then you should consult your doctor to know about type of headache you are facing.
Headache: Causes And Risk Factors
Most common types of headaches are sinus/ tension /migraine.
Sinus Headaches- it usually occurs when there is infection/pressure in the sinuses.
Tension Headaches- It mainly strike when the muscles in the head and neck tighten.
Migraine Headches- It occurs when super sensitive nerve endings in the brain create pain.
Headache Trigger Causes & Risk Factors
Stress
Lack of sleep
Fatigue
Hunger
Caffeine withdrawal
Changes in weather
Processed food and monosodium glutamate food/ alcohol
Being around smoke/ certain smells
Flashing lights
Estrogen level changes in female
Otc (over the counter) drugs
High grade fever/ infections
Tumor/cancer
High blood pressure
Excessive bleeding,etc.
Headache: Prevention
Eat small and frequent meals
Forehead cold compress with ice-bag
Get a massage
Drink enough fluids
Maintain your weight
Try to keep stress level low
Not too much caffeine
Don’t spent too much time on tv, laptop, mobile, computers.
Exercise regularly
Avoid food that triggers your headache.
Avoid loud noise/ strong perfumes/ watching movies in a dark theater
Keep a regular schedule and follow up.
Eat vitamins rich food
Headache: Diagnosis
Full medical history is required to know the proper cause of headache. It’s the first and most important part of the diagnosis.
It includes some questions regarding frequency, severity and location.
To diagnose the headache properly, it is more important to take patient’s history which helps to differentiate between primary headaches and secondary headaches.
Primary Headaches
Most common type of headaches, are painful, but not all dangerous. For this kind of headaches, headache trigger trackers and headache diaries can be effective tools to know the diagnosis in brief and causes.
Secondary Headaches
Generally characterized by excruciating pain, usually caused by another more serious conditions.
For Advanced Diagnosis Techniques, some tests and techniques used like-
ESR(Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate)
MRI, CT Scan
Digital Subtraction Angiography
Spinal tap
Headache: General Tips
Drink Water time to time to avoid inadequate hydration.
Breathing exercises and yoga
Massage of headache
Hot/ cold applications
Aromatherapy
Some acupuncture techniques and procedures
Proper sleep
Avoid food that contain monosodium glutamate, nitrate, Tyramine.
Herbal Tea
Panchkarma therapy in Ayurveda
What To Avoid?
Avoid dehydration
Smoked fish/ smoked chicken
Food preservatives
Excessive wine/alcohol
Excessive tea/coffee
Junk foods
Continuous use of mobile/laptop/ led screen
Insufficient sleep
What To Eat?
Drink adequate amount of water and fluids daily to maintain electrolyte balance.
Try to eat leafy green vegetables
Bananas/cherries
Cucumber
Vitamin b2 riboflavin containing foods
Oatmeal/brown rice/sesame seeds
Small amount of coffee/tea.
Herbal tea
Cooked foods
Summer squash/ sweet potatoes/ carrots/ spinach
Eat small amount of dessert.
Headache: Questions And Answers (FAQs)
Q.1) What makes headache differ from migraine?
Ans.- Migraine is basically most common form of headache, but not all headaches are migraines. Migraine is usually occur one side of the head and it’s associated with aura/nausea/ vomiting/sensitivity to light/ sound,etc. A throbbing pain also occur. On the other hand, headache is simply painful sensations that occur in head, ranges from simple to more intense depending upon signs and symptoms.
Q.2) What are Cluster Headaches?
Ans.- It is a type of headache which is relatively short lived, usually lasts between 20 mins and 2 hrs. It is mostly one-sided and associated with symptoms such as stuffy nose,tearing, enlarged pupil, droopy lid. It tend to occur several to many times in a day for a period of days to weeks, and then it disappear for a variable amount of time, usually weeks to months.
Q.3) What are Tension Headaches?
Ans.- Tension type headaches are the most common type after migraine. Typically they are found around the back of the head, the temples and forehead. Onset is somewhat pressure like and can last from hours to days. It can co-exist with migraine,and one can transform/trigger the other.
Q.4) What is a Hypnic Headache?
Ans.- A hypnic headache is a rare headache that usually occurs in people between the ages of 40 and 80. Its a unique headache that occurs exclusively at night, typically lasting between 15 and 60 minutes.
Q.5) How headache feels when u have sinus?
Ans.- Build up of a pressure in your sinuses causes pain that feels like a headache. You will feel a deep and constant pain in your cheekbones, forehead, or the bridge of your nose, pain usually gets much stronger when you move your head suddenly or strain.
Q.6) What are Sinus Headaches?
Ans.- The lining of the ducts/tubes that connect the sinuses to the back of the nose when become inflamed then the sinuses are unable to drain normally which makes sinuses to build up pressure within the blocked sinus. Also, occurs swelling and inflammation in sinuses which results in increased mucus and fluid secretion. Fluid combined with the inability to drain make pressure within the sinus cavity, causing the pain of a sinus headache.
Q.7) What causes Sinus Headaches?
Ans.- These kind of headache may be caused by a viral/bacterial infection which causes inflammation and swelling in the nose. It can also be cause by an allergic reaction such as hay fever. Fluid in sinuses increases due to inflammation which decreases the ability of the sinuses to drain.
Q.8) What causes headache pain behind eyes ?
Ans.- There are many causes that leads to pain behind eyes. Some common causes are tension headaches,sinusitis, potential triggers, cluster headache, migraine, eyestrain from staring at a TV, computer screen , undiagnosed nearsightedness. Due to the above mentioned over-activities, stimulation in brain occurs which makes vision impairment, often resulting in a headache.
Q.9) How to get rid of a Headache quickly?
Ans.- Some general tips are :-
Try a cold pack/use a heating pad/ hot compress.
Ease pressure on scalp/head.
Dim the lights.
Try not to chew something like gum.
Drink plenty of liquids.
Get some caffeine like tea/coffee/ something
With a little caffeine in it.
Practice some relaxation techniques like
Yoga/meditation/ muscle relaxation.
Try head massage
Ginger tea.
Q.10) Why gastric problems lead to headaches?
Ans.- The main reasons for gastric problems are Indigestion, acidity, GERD, constipation, infection in intestine, etc. Our body is connected to various nerves and circulatory pathways. When gastric problems occur in our body, then it stimulate the nerves which is connected to spinal and brain. And when the pain becomes more intense, then at the same time it trigger our brain which directly lead to headaches.
Type of headache which may occur with symptoms such as nausea/vomiting/ sensitivity to light. In many of the people, throbbing pain is felt only on one side of the head.
Due to urbanization, lifestyle of the people of modern era has changed. Due to changed work expectations for better lifestyle, stress is causing incidence of acute and chronic disorders.
MIGRAINE, one of the chronic illness,and has spread in many parts of population. It is chronic neurological disorder. Some people who get migraine have warning symptom, called an aura,before the actual headache begins. An aura is a group of symptoms, of vision changes.
In Ayurveda, Ardhavabhedaka is very much similar to migraine. It is described as vataja/vatakaphaj/tridoshaj shiroroga.
SYMPTOMS-
Migraine progresses through four stages-
Prodrome
Aura
Attack
Post-drome
PRODROME
One/ Two days before a migraine, some changes will warn you for an upcoming migraine.
Constipation, Food cravings, Neck stiffness, Mood changes, Thirst and urination, Yawning frequent.
AURA
It is considered reversible symptoms of the nervous system. It can occur before/ during migraines, although it is usually visual but can also include other disturbances. Aura symptoms begins gradually,, builds up over several minutes and lasta for 20 to 60 minutes.
visual phenomena can occur such as seeing various shapes, bright spots/ flashes of light.
hearing noises/music.
pins and needles sensations in an arm/leg.
difficulty speaking.
ATTACK
Migraine usually lasts from 4 - 72 hours if untreated. Attack of migraine includes -
pain that usually occur on one side of your head, but often on both sides.
pain that throb/pulses.
sensitivity to light/sound/ smell/ touch.
nausea and vomiting.
POST-DROME-
After migraine attack, you might feel drained, confused and washed out for upto a day. Sudden head movement might occur.
WHEN TO SEE YOUR DOCTOR FOR MIGRAINE DISEASE ?
Migraine is often undiagnosed and untreated. Regular signs and symptoms record and attack records should be kept and to report doctor to know about its severity. Headaches history also might help.
In case of any severe signs and symptoms mentioned below occur, then without delay consult doctor/ go to the hospital immediately --
headache with fever/stiff neck/mental confusion/ seizures/ double vision/ weakness/ numbness/ trouble speaking.
chronic headache worse after coughing/exertion/straining/ sudden movement.
an abrupt severe headache.
CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS-
A migraine headache is caused by abnormal brain activity that triggered many things.
It tends to appear between the ages of 10 and 45, sometimes later in life. It run in families. Mostly, it occurs in women as compared to men.
Migraine headaches can also triggered by certain foods like-
Baked goods/ chocolate/ dairy foods/MSG ( monosodium glutamate) foods.
Tyramine rich foods like smoked fish/ chicken livers/ figs/ certain beans/ aged cheese/ red wine
Avocado/banana/citrus fruit
Onions
Peanuts/ processed, fermented, pickled/ marinated foods
Hormonal changes in women like fluctuations in estrogen before/during menstrual periods, pregnancy, menopause.
Oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy in women can worsen migraines.
Stress
Bright lights/ sun glare/ loud sounds.
Strong smell= include perfumes/ paint thinner
Sleep changes
intense physical exertion
weather changes
PREVENTION-
avoid loud noises, bright lights.
pay attention to food choices such as avoid chocolate, red wine, processed meats, sweeteners, cheese.
record headache of times and severity of headaches.
beware of hormonal changes.
pay attention to the weather.
take nutritive foods and supplements.
eat + sleep on a regular schedule.
avoid stress.
don’t miss your meal especially lunch and breakfast.
choose relaxing exercises.
have a managing schedule with lifestyle management.
DIAGNOSIS-
Diagnosis of migraine is usually based on the history. Acc. To diagnostic criteria established by the International Headache Society, patients must have had at least 5 headache attacks that lasted 4-72 hrs & the headache must have at least 2-3 of the following characteristics in it :-
1) Pulsating quality
2) Moderate/ severe pain intensity
3) Aggravation by / causing avoidance of routine physical activities.
Now, in addition to the above mentioned criteria, patient must have had atleast one of the following :-
1) Nausea/ vomiting
2) Photophobia & phonophobia
GENERAL TIPS/ HOME REMEDIES -
Keep a food diary along with your headache diary --- to help identify what you ate before migraine attacks.
If you think a specific food is triggering migraine attacks/ you may try to avoid that food for a month affects.
Be careful about trying extremely strict diets, it can lead to missing various nutrients.
Try to change things like white bread, white rice and pasta in your diet to whole grains.
Aim to increase fruit and vegetables intake.
Aim to eat healthy fats not low fats.
Limiit sodium to < than 2300 mg/ day. Most salt in our diets comes from processed foods like heat-and-eat frozen meals, canned soups, ready-to-eat snacks like chips and crackers.
Consider eating 5 small meals per day. To stay longer, eat a carbohydrate with a protein/good fat.
Don’t eat/drink anything that triggers your migraine. Some common food triggers are alcohol//aged cheeses,/caffeine. And chocolate.
Drink water through the day instead of sugary drinks like soda/juice.
Eat magnesium rich foods. Magnesium mineral is important for a no. Of body functions, also it binds to specific receptors in brain.
WHAT TO AVOID?
Spicy, heavy, cold, oily foods
Foods that contain a lot of sodium/ additive foods containing monosodium glutamate(MSG)/ artificial sweeteners such as aspartame.
alcohol/smoking
stress
changes in the weather/ changes in sleeping habit patterns.
certain medications without prescription
eggs/ tomatoes/ onions/ dairy products/ citrus fruits
pasta and bread products
chocolate/ aged cheese/ nuts/ aspartame/excessive caffeine
Avoid exposure to wind and sunlight.
Avoid smoked meat and fish.
WHAT TO EAT?
orange/green and yellow vegetables ( summer squash/sweet potatoes/carrots/ spinach)
meals and water intake on time.
brown rice
dried/ cooked fruits
well cooked and boiled food
cherries/ cranberries
boiled and cooked fresh meats/fish/poultry
Vitamin B-2 / Riboflavin containing food like salmon, red meat, grains and mushrooms.
light diet/ rest/ relaxation
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS -
Q.1.) How hormones affect migraine in women?
Ans.- Migraine is more common in women, menstruation in migraine trigger 10% of women with migraine. Hormonal medications such as oral contraceptives / hormone replacement therapy can also worsen the condition.
Q.2) What are some features of migraine aura?
Ans.- Some features are -
usually develops over 5-20 mins and lasts less than 60 mins.
most commonly visual but can be sensory/motor/ any combination of these.
visual symptoms may be positive/ negative.
Q.3) What is migraine headache?
Ans.- It is a complex disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of headache, mostly unilateral and sometimes associated with visual/ sensory symptoms -collectively known as an aura- arises before the head pain but that may occur during/afterward. Most common occurs in women and also has genetic component.
Q.4) What are the signs and symptoms of migraine?
Ans.- Typical symptoms of migraine include :-
throbbing/ pulsatile headache, moderate to severe pain that intensifies with movement/ physical activity.
unilateral / localized pain in the fronto-temporal and ocular area.
pain builds up over a period of 1-2 hrs.
headache lasts 4-72hrs.
nausea and vomiting, anorexia, food intolerance, light - headedness
light and sound sensitivity.
Q.5) What are some migraine variants?
Ans.- It includes childhood periodic syndromes, migraine with brainstem aura, hemiplegic migraine, status migrainosus, retinal migraine.
Q.6) What is the diagnosis of migraine?
Ans.- It is based on patient history. International Headache Society diagnostic criteria are that patients must have had atleast 5 headache attacks that lasted 4-72 hrs and that the headache must have had atleast 2 of the following characteristics:-
unilateral location
pulsating quality
moderate/severe pain intensity
aggravation / causing avoidance of routine physical activity characters in it.
In addition, patient must have had atleast 1 of the following :-
nausea/ vomiting
photophobia, phonophobia
Q.7) How common is migraine in children and adolescents?
Ans.- In early childhood and before puberty, migraines are more frequent among boys. In adolescence ; migraine affects young women > than young men. Migraine occurs in about 3% of children of preschool children. 4% to 11% of elementary school children, and 8% to 15% of high school aged children. As adults, women are 3 times more likely to have a migraine than men.
Q.8) What is an aura?
Ans.- An Aura is a sign of warning indicate that migraine is about to begin. It usually occurs about 30 mins before a migraine starts. Most common are visual include blurred/distorted vision/blind spots/brightly colored/ flashing/ moving lights/lines. Other kind includes change in ability to speak/move/hear/smell/taste/touch. It lasts about 20 minutes.
Q.9) Why nausea occur in migraine?
Ans.- Strong headaches like migraine happen when nerves in brain signal blood vessels on its surface to get bigger. Low levels of serotonin, also linked to motion sickness and nausea. It may also because of certain nerve pathways(vagus and glossopharyngeal) , brain pathways, excite an area in the brainstem that triggers the vomiting center.
Q.10) What actually happens in the brain during a migraine?
Ans.- Migraine pain happens due to waves of activity by group of excitable brain cells, trigger chemicals, such as serotonin, to narrow blood vessels. Serotonin, it is a chemical necessary for communication between nerve cells..
Q.11) How Migraine is treated in Ayurveda?
Ans.- In Ayurveda system of Medicine, natural methods are used like - Panchakarma Therapy procedures include nasya karma, swedan, abhyanga, snehana. Yoga techniques also helps to calm mind and body, ease stress and anxiety, reduce pain. Pathyadi decoction also used.
<br>They made their way back home to Aligarh after catching a bus from Anand Vihar terminus, but a significant lot continued to remain stranded in different states, often with very little to eat and almost no money to buy milk for their kids. However, as the Centre allowed them to return home and a multi agency, multi state effort has kicked in, this turns out to be India's biggest logistical nightmare amid a pandemic that has shut India's economy. Buses versus Trains:This Wednesday, after detailed deliberations, the Union Home Ministry brought a smile on the face of countless migrant workers like the ones who had hoped to travel to their respective states and gathered at Mumbai's Bandra Terminus. It issued fresh guidelines for interstate movement to allow stranded migrant labourers, tourists and even students to return them home. Thus far, only movement of essential commodities were allowed among states. States must arrange for sanitized buses for transportation, it said. But many states said it is not unfeasible to move such a large number of migrants through buses. They said, not only enormous numbers of buses will be required but it will take forever for them to reach back. Four instance, travel between Meghalaya and Rajasthan can take days, which are separated by 2,224 kms. Rajasthan CM Ashok Gehlot wrote to Modi questioning the feasibility of using buses for transport, while Bihar's Deputy CM Sushil Modi asked for trains. After running a test train this morning at 5 AM between Telangana and Jharkhand, the government has okayed special trains for bringing started irate labourers home. While the Railway Ministry has been entrusted to work out a plan, it needs appointing nodal officers, ascertaining genuine applicants, ensuring social distancing while getting the job done of ferrying hundreds and thousands of laborers from across India. States already on the go: The Uttar Pradesh government has said that it has arranged for 1,000 buses to ferry the migrants back home. Buses were scrambled for Kanpur, Ballia, Varanasi, Gorakhpur, Azamgarh, Faizabad, Basti, Pratapgarh, Sultanpur, Amethi, Rae Bareli, Gonda, Etawah, Bahraich and Shravasti.<br>Around 1,200 migrants left for Jharkhand on a special train inside which 54 passengers were allowed in each bogeys instead of 72. Meanwhile, Kerala minister VS Sunil Kumar said that another special train is scheduled to depart Kerala's Ernakulam this evening for Odisha's capital city Bhubaneswar. Over 1,000 people are traveling in that train. Meanwhile, the first bus carrying 30 students, who were stranded due to the nationwide lockdown in Rajasthan's Kota, arrived in West Bengal on Friday morning, the police said. "We are really happy to be back after so many days of lockdown. We were in real trouble there. We must thank our state government for taking such an initiative," said Rajiunnisa, a student from Murshidabad, who got stuck in Kota due to the shutdown, while speaking to IANS. Matter doesn't end with homecoming This will not be an easy task, to say the least. First of all the railway ministry needs to determine the number of trains that need to be run and on what route. Each train needs to be run under capacity to ensure social distancing. Screening before travel as was proposed for travel through buses will also be a herculean task. Once the passengers reach, it remains to be seen whether they are quarantined for 14 days by the state governments and if they do, whether it will be in a government facility. The challenge will be all the more severe for states like Jharkhand, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh that send the maximum number of migrants. For instance, a day before Modi had announced the lockdown, around 40,000 migrant workers had reached Bihar. To ensure the state does not face a COVID-19 outbreak, the Bihar Government had put them in a special facility at borders and let them go home only after due screening. Screening 40,000 workers takes time and hence the state had to arrange for their stay and food while arranging social distancing within that facility. Needless to say it costs crores of rupees too. Once the new tranches of migrant workers reach these three states, it will be a logistical nightmare where they need to be screened, kept away from each other, fed and provided medical assistance when needed.It also means, appointing nodal people down to the level of village panchayats who will ensure the migrants who return stay in quarantine and keep a watch whether they develop any symptoms.BJP MP Vinay Sahasrabuddhe says, " The government is mindful of the robustness of the exercise. But it is also mindful of the fact that migrant laborers were to go home. That's why the Centre is taking the states along. It is indicative of its empathy towards the migrant laborers."(Anindya Banerjee can be reached at [email protected])--IANS<br>abn/kr
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