Diseases

PCOS is a complex disorder or rather a spectral disorder with no uniform clinic or laboratory diagnostic criteria. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disturbances affecting women all over the world. Dr. Vidushi Jain, Dermatologist Trichologist, Medical head of Dermalinks says: "It has an unknown etiology and is recognized as a heterogeneous disorder that results in overproduction of male hormone primarily from the ovary, and is associated with insulin resistance." The journey, the struggles and the treatment approach to each patient is different. As contrary to the popular belief, the manifestations are more severe in obese individuals with pcos but there is another phenotype known as lean PCOS. "PCOS women can be sub grouped based on clinical features suggestive of endocrinological malfunctions and can be investigated accordingly for selection of appropriate treatment modalities," the doctor points out. "The cornerstone to PCOS pathology is insulin resistance meaning that the body doesn't respond normally to insulin and thereby increasing insulin secretion from pancreas, which triggers inflammation and weight gain. High insulin level is both diagnostic criteria and also the underlying physiological driver. High insulin causes anovulation and also promotes testosterone secretion from ovaries (hyper androgenism)." Dr Jain adds: "The skin features in PCOS sometimes present earlier as compared to irregular periods or investigations for infertility and a high degree of suspicion can help in early detection and prevention of disease progression." Also, Read► PCOS and Fertility: What women can do about it? She further explains: Acanthosis nigricans is a skin disorder characterised by darkening and thickening of the skin, occurring mainly in the folds of the skin in the armpit (axilla), groin and back of the neck. Often treated as dirt, this condition is synonymous with insulin resistance and obesity. Sometimes it can be drug and malignancy induced too. The treatment approach is weight reduction and decreasing the insulin resistance with low glycemic diet and regular workouts. Skin lightening agents like retinoids, glycolic acid and treatments like TCA peels also play a role in cosmetic improvement. Hirsutism or unwanted facial hair is a result of hyperandrogenism or excess male hormone secretion. Mostly affects chin, sidelocks, chest, thighs and even the nipple area . Treatment needs weight reduction to control the serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) which in turn controls the free testosterone levels, androgen lowering medication like spironolactone, OCPs and laser hair reduction. Also, Read► Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms and Ayurvedic Treatment Acne or pimples: Females with persistent acne since teens or with acne presenting for the first time after 25 must be evaluated for PCOS. Acne in PCOS is generally resistant to standard acne treatments, affects mainly the lower one third of face , is associated with extremely tender eruptions suggesting more inflammation and shows premenstrual flare. Treatment results take longer to respond at least 3 months and best approach is to add combined oral contraceptives with anti androgen progesterone like drospirenone and cyproterone acetate as well as spironolactone to control the hyperandrogenic state. The role of supplements like inositol, magnesium, zinc and Vitamin D play an important role in controlling the inflammatory state. Seborrhoeic dermatitis often presenting as oily scalp and dandruff, when severe can affect the oily areas of the skin like around nose, between eyebrows and behind ears. Associated with more androgens and hence more oil secretion promoting the growth of a fungus named malaseezia needs treatment and daily cleansing of the scalp with a salicylic acid or ketoconazole shampoo. Female patterned hair loss or hair thinning presenting mainly in the crown and frontal area is often ignored until a major portion of the scalp becomes visible. Frequent changing of hairstyles to cover it up without seeking medical treatments leads to progression and greater damage. Starting minoxidil as a preventive therapy and doing platelet rich plasma sessions may be helpful. PCOS is a disorder which affects the body not only at a hormonal level thereby affecting metabolism and fertility but also it has far reaching effects on a person's confidence when it has negative influence on appearance. (Puja Gupta) Read More► How to combat PCOS in the lockdown

Pain in the neck happens to be the fourth leading cause of disability globally, lagging behind ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and lower respiratory infection. Neck pain can interfere with daily life, including the ability to feel productive, sleep, and enjoy time with family. It is a common occurrence among the working population usually engaged in tech jobs or desk jobs. Srikanth H.S, Sr. Naturopath, Jindal Naturecure Institute, points out that there are several factors that can result in neck pain like stress, poor posture, obesity, muscle inflammation, arthritis, and injuries. "The best way to deal with neck pain is to minimize it in the first place. Naturopathy offers safe and effective alternatives to deal with neck pain without falling prey to the side-effects of pharmaceutical drugs. Blending in the goodness of natural therapies like yoga, massage, herbs, and acupuncture, along with lifestyle modifications, naturopathy can bring huge relief from neck pain," he says. Risks of Neck Pain The expert says: "The common causes of neck pain are muscle strain and nerve compression. However, the symptoms alone cannot indicate which one of these is occurring. Muscle strain usually results from poor posture, repeated lifting, sleep, stress, or anxiety. Nerve compression can occur when a disc in the spine slips out of its position and pinches or presses the nerves, or when the tissues in the neck get inflamed or swollen causing the nerves in the area to get squeezed. Whatever the cause, ongoing chronic neck pain shouldn't be neglected as it can lead to a lifetime of disability or even permanent damage." Also, Read► How To Manage Your Neck Pain Better He suggests naturopathy ways to treat neck pain: Yoga The ancient art of yoga has been demonstrated to help people with chronic pain including neck pain. Studies have shown that yoga asanas help to reduce pain perception, improves mobility, and decrease inflammation. Even 15 to 20 minutes of yoga exercises a day can relax the body, stretch the muscles, increase blood circulation, and minimize the chances of neck pain. Some of the common yoga asanas which can be practiced for neck pain are Marjariasana (Cat Pose), Bitilasana (Cow Pose), Balasana (Child's Pose), Natarajasana (Reclining Twist Pose), Viparita Karani (Legs up the wall pose), and Savasana (Corpse Pose). Also, Read► 6 Best Fitness Apps So You Can Exercise Anywhere Massage Several studies have pointed out that massage therapy can offer relief from neck pain and improve range of motion when performed by qualified professionals. Massage therapy usually involves the use of the hands to manipulate soft tissues, like the tendons and muscles, increase blood circulation, and reduce muscle tension. It helps to ease up the sore, numb and stiff muscles in the spinal area and neck region. Also, Read► Had a hectic week? Just 10 minutes of massage will relax you Herbs Herbal treatments have been used for ages to treat pains of different sorts. Herbal remedies can be sipped like tea, infused in the bathwater, used as an oil, or inhaled as aromatherapy. Devil's Claw is a popular herb that can substantially reduce neck pain and even improve physical functioning in osteoarthritis patients. Other than that, Lavender, Kudzu, and St. John's Wort are some of the most popular herbs that help relieve neck pain and lower back pain. For maximum effects, these herbs should be taken under the guidance of expert professionals. Also, Read► 7 Ayurvedic Herbs for Insomnia Acupuncture Acupuncture is a thousand of years old technique that involves pricks in the skin with needles at specific points on the body. The frequency and duration of acupuncture sessions may depend on how long the neck pain has already lasted, and also the severity of the symptoms. Some studies have revealed that acupuncture can stimulate biochemical changes both locally (where the needles are placed) and in the central nervous system. These biochemical changes may help to bring pain relief and other beneficial effects in some cases. Also, Read► Acupuncture can be a safe option to treat migraines Lifestyle Modifications Lifestyle modifications play a significant role in the management of neck aches and stiffness. Practicing good posture while at work or home should be a key priority for those suffering from neck pain. Getting good sleep and maintaining the spine in a comfortable position throughout the night, regular neck exercises, and taking breaks in between work and stretching are some of the ways to reduce strain on the neck and keep it relaxed. (Puja Gupta) Read More► What Is Neck Pain And Its Symptoms And Cause

What is Cervical Spondylosis? Cervical spondylosis is a disorder in which there is abnormal wear on the cartilage and/bones of the neck (cervical vertebrae) and it is a common cause of chronic neck pain. It is a degenerative condition of the cervical spine affecting the middle and old age group of both sexes leads to pain and stiffness in the neck, radiating pain to the arm, paraesthesia, numbness, headache, giddiness, etc. In Ayurveda, Cervical spondylosis is caused by a Vata dosha aggravation and it’s mainly a Vata problem. Its clinical presentation is similar to Vishwachi in which degenerative condition of the cervical spine is common. It’s a disease that mainly affects the neck and upper extremities having signs and symptoms similar to that of cervical spondylosis. Vishwachi is a vataja nanatmaja vikara. The involvement of Vata in the clinical manifestation of vishwachi is of prime importance. Cervical Spondylosis Symptoms & Signs Often develop slowly over time, but they get worse suddenly  Pain may be mild/it can be deep and so severe that affected movements After standing/sitting at night, the pain gets worsen Pain over the shoulder blade/it may spread to the upper arm, forearm, fingers Pain gets worse at night/sneezing/coughing/laughing/bending the neck backward/walking more than a few yards Muscles weakness Neck stiffness that gets worsen Abnormal sensation/numbness in the shoulders/arms/legs Headache (especially back of the head) Balance loss If pressure occurs on the spinal cord then, loss of control occurs over the bladder/bowels Moving the head may make the pain worse and after sleeping neck stiffness is more common Sometimes, these all changes result in a compression of the blood vessels, it can affect the blood supply to the brain and results in dizziness and blackouts Dysphagia can occur rarely Cervical Spondylosis Causes It is caused by chronic wear on the cervical spine, includes the discs/cushions between the neck vertebrae and the joints b/w the bones of the cervical spine, there may be abnormal growths/spurs on the bones of the spine (vertebrae) The major risk factor is aging. At the age of 60, most persons show signs of cervical spondylosis Other factors include Being overweight/not exercising Having a job that requires heavy lifting/lot of bending/twisting Past neck injury Past spine surgery Ruptured/slipped disc Severe arthritis/small fractures/osteoporosis When to See Your Doctor for Cervical Spondylosis Disease? When pain and stiffness around the neck occur for long days and found unable to move properly your neck and facing difficulty and pain while bending, along with signs and symptoms that affect your daily routine, then you should consult the doctor. Risk Factors of Cervical Spondylosis Age- it’s a normal part of aging, occurs more commonly in old age persons Occupation- Overhead work put extra stress on your neck Neck injuries/Trauma Genetic factors inherent Repeated occupational trauma: carrying axial loads/professional dancing/gymnastics Some conditions that contribute to segmental instability and excessive segmental motion like congenitally fused spine/cerebral palsy/down syndrome Some myelopathy causes Smoking also a risk factor Cervical radiculopathy Cervical Spondylosis Prevention  Regular exercise for the speedy recovery A heated pad/cold pack can provide pain relief when the neck muscles become sore A soft neck brace can temporarily relieve pain if a person wears them for short periods Maintain neck muscle strength, especially neck extensor strength for prevention in general Avoid holding the head in 1 position (for long duration) Avoid prolonged head extension Be careful while performing physical activities Hot shower in the morning can help Headrest & seatbelt also may reduce the risk of developing this condition Yoga Therapy: balasana, natarajasana, bitilasana, marjaryasana, viparitakaranai asana, utthita trikonasana, shavasana can help to reduce the effect of cervical spondylosis Diagnosis of Cervical Spondylosis X-Ray/MRI EMG & nerve conduction velocity test may be done to examine nerve root function The doctor will check the range of motion in your neck for proper identification and location of pain Reflexes and muscle strength will be tested to find out if there’s pressure on your spinal nerves/spinal cord Gait examinations CT-scan Myelography Nerve conduction study What to avoid in Cervical Spondylosis? Potato/cucumber/cold drinks/ice-cream/rajma/dry meat, etc. Avoided Bending/sudden stretching/weight lifting to be avoided for making it more severe Long journey on two-wheeler/sitting in abnormal posture/sitting for a long time to be avoided Avoid holding the head in 1 position ( for longer duration) Avoid prolonged head extension Be careful while performing physical activities Consumption of high-fat dairy products can lead to inflammation Avoid processed food completely Alcohol/smoking Avoid meat and dairy products which contain saturated foods & arachidonic acids Avoid more caffeine consumption Avoid red meat Avoid foods that lead to more production of acidity Avoid spicy/hot/salty/oily foods What to eat in Cervical Spondylosis? Black gram/horse gram/wheat/rice Gingili oil/mustard oil/milk/butter/soar fruits Dry grapes/garlic Drumstick fruits & leaves Consume a diet that is rich in anti-inflammatory food substances Fish/nuts/oilseeds/omega 3 fatty acids and Vitamin- E rich foods Apple/garlic/ginger/turmeric Turmeric milk Diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids Replace rice with wheat Bitter gaud/drumstick bitter vegetables Questions & Answers Q1. Why Cervical Spondylosis occur in old-age people? Ans. Older age is a risk factor as in addition to age, people often get more likely to experience neck pain. It is the general term for age-related wear & tear affecting the spinal discs in the neck region. Also, it is caused due to disks dehydration and shrinking. In most people age > 50, discs between the vertebrae become less spongy & provide less of a cushion. Bones & ligaments get thicker and encroached the space of the spinal canal. Q2. If myelopathy occurs with cervical spondylosis, then what will be the symptoms like? Ans. Symptoms of cervical spondylosis with myelopathy include tingling/numbness/weakness in the arms, hands, legs, feet/lack of coordination & difficulty walking/abnormal reflexes/muscle spasms/loss of control over bladder/bowel incontinence. Q3. How is Cervical Spondylosis diagnosed properly? Ans. By taking a medical history with signs and symptoms appearing, it will be followed by a physical exam of the body by focussing on the neck/back/shoulders. The strength of hands and arms/reflexes test/loss of sensation checkups/walk/equilibrium can be tested. Other tests also can be done include x-ray/computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging( MRI), EMV tests, etc. Q4. According to Ayurveda, which disease is similar to that of cervical spondylosis? Ans. In Ayurveda, Cervical spondylosis is caused by a Vata dosha aggravation and it’s mainly a Vata problem. Its clinical presentation is similar to Vishwachi in which degenerative condition of the cervical spine is common. It’s a disease that mainly affects the neck and upper extremities having signs and symptoms similar to cervical spondylosis. Vishwachi is a vataja nanatmaja vikara. The involvement of Vata in the clinical manifestation of vishwachi is of prime importance. Q5. What exactly is the meaning of the term ‘Spondylosis’? Ans. Spondylosis is basically a painful condition and situation of the spine which results from the degeneration of the intervertebral discs. Often, it is considered a general term for age-related wear & tear of the spinal discs. It affects the vertebral discs and facet joints that gradually develop with age. This condition can narrow the spinal canal that further results in the compression of the spinal cord & nerve roots. Chronic compression can lead to damage to the spinal cord/can cause radicular arm pain further. Q6. What are the complications of Cervical Spondylosis? Ans. Complications of cervical spondylosis include: cervical myelopathy/paraplegia/tetraplegia/recurrent chest infection/pressure sores/recurrent urinary tract infection/progressive neurologic deficits/documented compression of the cervical nerve root/or spinal cord/intractable pain. Q7. What is the role of psychosocial support in the treatment of cervical spondylosis? Ans. Some patients with significant disabilities often react with fear/anxiety/depression. Postoperative depression is significantly associated with pain intensity/pain interference/pain-related disability. After surgery, results of one study of depression/negative affect among spinal surgery patients suggest postoperative screening for depression and treating depression to improve functional outcomes after spine surgery. Q8. What are the various exercises and therapies recommended for cervical spondylosis? Ans. Various exercises recommended to ease the symptoms of cervical spondylosis are neck stretch/neck tilt/side-to-side neck tilt/neck turn with 5 repetitions. In Ayurveda, some yoga therapies are there like, balasana, natarajasana, bitilasana, marjaryasana, viparitakaranai asana, utthita trikonasana, shavasana can help to reduce the effect of cervical spondylosis. Q9. What is the role of physical therapy in the treatment of cervical spondylosis? Ans. Usually, immobilization of the cervical spine occurs with severe cervical spondylosis with evidence of myelopathy. It limits the motion of the neck. Soft cervical collars are recommended for daytime use only. Patient’s tolerance and compliance are considered when any braces used. Isometric cervical exercises may help to limit the loss of muscle tone. Molded cervical pillows can better align the spine during sleep & provide symptomatic relief for some patients. Neck & upper back exercises are recommended. Yoga therapies also play an important role to reduce the inflammation and pain in cervical spondylosis. Q10. How cervical spondylosis is cured through the Ayurveda line of treatment? Ans. During the acute phase (about a week), usually complete bed rest & use of a thin pillow & hard bed is recommended. After acute phase, some panchakarma procedures like sadyovirechana, greevabasti, abhyanga, patra pinda sveda, nasya should be done. Podikkizhi, ilakikizhi, greeva pichu, tailadhara, panchatikta & ksheera basti, shalishastic pinda sweda is also recommend. Mainly, all the above procedures done after examine the bala and prakriti of the patients. Along with these procedures, shamana chikitsa with recommend classical formulations should be given to the patient. References 1. Longmore, Wilkinson, Davidson, Foulkes, Mafi, Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine 8th Edition 2. Kayachikitsa Volume-3by Prof. Ajay Kumar Sharma (2017) 3. Charak Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana- ch-28 4. J.Alastair Innes, Davidson’s Essential of Medicine 2nd edition  5. K Sembulingam, P Sembulingam, Essentials of Medical Physiology 6th Edition

What is Diarrhea? Diarrhoea is the passage of three/ more loose/ liquid stools per day/more frequently than normal for an individual. From the clinical point of view, diarrhea means increased stool water, and this increases stool frequency and the passage of liquid stool. Diarrhea in Ayurveda According to Ayurveda, Diarrhoea is commonly known as Atisara. It occurs due to intake of causing factors which results in agnimandya mainly jathragni due to which ama dosha (Kapha) increases and vata prakopa occurs due to which strotodushti in poorishvaha and udakavaha occurs and increase of more loose or liquid stools comes out. Types of Atisara - According to Acharya Charak Vataja  Pittaja Kaphaja Sannipataja Aagantuka  Diarrhea Symptoms Loose/watery stool Abdominal cramps Fever Abdominal pain Blood/ mucus in the stool Abdominal bloating Nausea Frequent bowel movements  Diarrhea Causes Food intolerance/lactose intolerance Food allergy Contaminated water Adverse reaction to a medication Viral/ bacterial infection Intestinal disease Parasitic infection Gallbladder/stomach surgery Childhood cause - Rotavirus Bacterial infection - salmonella/E.coli Food poisoning Stress/indigestion due to mal-absorption Acc. To Ayurveda- ajirnashana, adhyashana, ati-drava, ati ruksha ahara, dushita anna, etc. Prevention of Diarrhoea Safe drinking water Improved sanitation Hand washes with antiseptic soap/solutions Good personal hygiene/food hygiene Health education about the spread of infections Vaccinations Use of ORS (Oral Rehydration Solution) Nutrient-rich foods in case of malnutrition Consult a doctor in case of persistent diarrhea When to See Your Doctor for Diarrhoea Disease? When diarrhea persists beyond a few days and the body starts dehydrating with severe abdominal/ rectal pain/bloody/black stools/weight loss/fever above 102 degrees F, then you should consult the doctor immediately. Diagnosis of Diarrhoea Physical examination of the abdomen Some general questions for the diagnosis will ask by the doctor like current medications/past medical history/family history/travel history/any other medical conditions Signs of dehydration Tests for diarrhoea include-CBC/liver function test/tests for malabsorption/ ESR/C-reactive protein/antibodies test/stool tests Colonoscopy X-Ray/CT- scan- to rule out structural abnormalities associated Diarrhoea Prevention Tips Drink clear liquids - water/broth/fruit juice Stay hydrated Replenishing water loss is important Avoid milk, it can make diarrhea worsen Intake of ORS ( Oral Rehydration Solution)/Electrolytes fluid  Consume (Sugar+salt+water ) BRAT diet -( banana/ rice/applesauce/toast) can be taken Avoid junk foods/alcoholic beverages Chamomile tea Avoid strenuous exercises What to avoid in Diarrhea? Heavy/hard/cold/hot/spicy and oily foods Avoid milk Fatty/fried foods Raw fruits and vegetables Spicy foods Beans/cabbage Caffeinated drinks Alcoholic beverages Avoid junk foods Avoid strenuous exercises Excessive workouts High-fat foods Greasy foods/spicy foods Artificial sweeteners/high levels of fructose foods What to eat in Diarrhea? Vilepi ( rice gruel), laaja manda, rice washed water ( avoid contamination with pesticides) Rice+curd/rice + buttermilk Masoor/ aadhaki yoosha Coconut water frequent drinking Deepana and laghu guna diets Pectin rich foods such as fruit Electrolytes food- miso-soup, sports drinks Cooked/ soft vegetables Taking probiotics Chamomile tea BRAT( banana/rice/applesauce/toast) diet Drink plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration Question & Answer Q.1 How much serious is Diarrhoea disease in children? Ans. Diarrhoeal disease is the second leading cause of death in children under 5 years, also kills around 525000 children under five. Globally, there are nearly 1.7 billion cases of childhood diarrhoeal disease every year according to data collected. Q.2 What are the different types of Diarrhoea? Ans. Different types of Diarrhoea include - 1) On the basis of duration:- Acute Diarrhoea, Chronic Diarrhoea. 2) On the basis of clinical presentation:- Acute watery diarrhea, Acute Bloody Diarrhoea. 3) On the basis of Physiology:- secretory diarrhea, osmotic diarrhea, exudative diarrhea, motility related, inflammatory diarrhea. Q.3 How does Diarrhea cause dehydration? Ans. Body intakes water and salt through drinks/food/fluid. Normally, it loses water and salt through stools/urine/sweat/breathing. When the bowel is healthy, water and salt pass from the bowel into the blood and when diarrhea occurs, the bowel doesn’t work normally. As a result of this, less water and salt pass into the blood, and more pass from the blood into the bowel. Thus, the amount of water and salt passed in the stools is greater than the normal.  Larger than normal loss of water and salt from the body results in dehydration. It usually occurs when the output of water and salt is greater than the input. Repeated vomiting, which often accompanies diarrhea can also contribute to dehydration. Q.4 Why is Diarrhea dangerous? Ans. Mainly due to diarrhea two main dangers, death and malnutrition occur. Death from acute diarrhea is most often caused by loss of a large amount of water and salt from the body, loss is called dehydration. Severe diarrhea with complications is most common in people with malnutrition and can also cause malnutrition and can make existing malnutrition worse because nutrients are continuously lost from the body and nutrients repair damaged tissue rather than for growth. Q.5 Why Diarrhoea has become a major cause of death in many countries? Ans. Diarrhea is a leading cause of death during complex emergencies and natural disasters. Displacement of populations into temporary, overcrowded shelters is often associated with polluted water sources, inadequate sanitation, poor hygiene practices, contaminated food, and malnutrition - all of which affect the spread and severity of diarrhea. At the same time, the lack of adequate health services and transport reduces the appropriate treatment of diarrhea cases which also considered a major issue in public health. Q.6 What is the importance of Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) in children? Ans. A solution of oral rehydration solution salts (ORS) is a simple, inexpensive, and life-saving remedy that prevents dehydration among children with diarrhea. In a healthy child, the small intestines absorb water and electrolytes from the digestive tract so that these nutrient-rich fluids may be transported to other parts of the body through the bloodstream. In a sick child, diarrhea-causing pathogens damage the intestines- causing an excessive amount of water and electrolytes to be secreted rather than being absorbed. When the ORS solution reaches the small intestines, then the sodium (Na) and glucose in the mixture are transported together across the lining of the intestines, sodium, which is now in higher concentrations in the intestines, promotes water absorption back into the body from the gut. Q.7 What are the causing factors for Diarrhoea ( Atisara ) according to Ayurveda in general? Ans. By intake of too cold/unctuous/rough/heavy/coarse/hard things, irregular meals/intake of incompatible and unsuitable things/fasting/delayed meals/drinking defective wine and water/overdrinking/avoiding evacuation/irregular application/mismanagement of remedial measure/excessive exposure to fire, sun, wind & water, sleep/oversleep/suppression of urges/seasonal perversions, excessive fear/grief/mental agitation/, intestinal worms, phthisis, fever, piles, in a person having deranged agni all the three doshas get vitiated and damaged the agni and further reach the colon and cause atisara (=diarrhoea) with symptoms of all the doshas. Q.8 How Diarrhoea occurs according to Ayurveda? Ans. According to Ayurveda, Diarrhoea is commonly known as Atisara. It occurs due to intake of causing factors which results in agnimandya mainly jathragni due to which ama dosha (kapha) increases and vata prakopa occurs due to which strotodushti in poorishvaha and udakavaha occurs and increase of more loose or liquid stools comes out. Q.9 What is Traveler’s Diarrhoea? Ans. It is a digestive tract disorder that commonly causes loose stools and abdominal cramps. Mainly caused by eating contaminated food and water while travelling to different places. Common signs and symptoms include abrupt onset of passage of three/more stools in a day, urgency for defecation, cramps, nausea/vomiting/ fever can occur. Q.10 How Ayurveda treatment helps in managing Diarrhoea? Ans. Mainly Ayurveda principle works on the principle of Chikitsa sutra which includes proper treatment of ama dosha/ langhana/uses of stambhak aushadh/ (deepana-pachana dravya) use &treatment according to bhedanusara lakshana, & use of various ayurvedic formulations in shamana chikitsa helps in managing Diarrhoea acc. To Ayurveda. References 1. Longmore, Wilkinson, Davidson, Foulkes, Mafi, Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine 8th Edition 2. Kayachikitsa Volume-2 by Prof. Ajay Kumar Sharma (2017) 3. Charak Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana-ch-19 4. Madhava Nidana, Ch-3 5. Sushruta Samhita Uttaratantra, Ch-3 6. Ashtanga Hridaya, Nidana Sthana, Ch-8 7. Ashtanga Hridyaya, Chikitsa Sthana, Ch-9 8. J.Alastair Innes, Davidson’s Essential of Medicine 2nd edition  9. K Sembulingam, P Sembulingam, Essentials of Medical Physiology 6th Edition